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Advice Line | Bob Lewis » Moron voting machines

November 10, 2006 | Comments: (0)

Moron voting machines



Holy cow! as Harry Carey used to say. My last post - about voting machines ("A post-election rant,"Advice Line, 11/8/2006), that asked how it's possible that such a simple problem has been turned into such a collosal fiasco - led to more response than anything else I've written here, with the possible exception of the time I brought up birthday parties and Jehovah's Witnesses ("Handling an employee who refuses to celebrate," Advice Line, 1/4/2006, and please ... no more on that one!)

To those who disagreed, complaining that I oversimplified a problem that really is complex, I have three things to say:
  • I'm completely unencumbered by facts, and plan to keep it that way. That's why it's called a rant, and not a well-reasoned critique of the situation. Hey, sometimes a guy just has to have fun, and what can be more fun than criticizing the hard work of people you don't know and will never meet? (Please - don't post any comments in response to that question either. I have to filter out enough spam comments as it is.)
  • Scope creep: I bet that a big reason for the unwarranted complexity is that we're asking these systems to do more than record and tally votes - probably, some well-intentioned system designer or sponsor figured out that since we're going through the trouble, we might as well ask the system to keep track of voters, their registrations, where they should vote, whether they already voted someplace else, what the exit polls said, traffic conditions, and a bunch of other useful things to do that have nothing to do with recording and tallying votes. Put all that stuff in future releases and the problem becomes much more manageable.
  • "Simple problem" is a relative term. I'm well aware that in IT, "simple" means pretty durned hard, "difficult" means "if we make quite a few design compromises we might deliver this before we all retire," and "hard" means "finishing this is what purgatory is for." Unencumbered by the facts as I am, I actually am pretty confident that the main design challenges for a voting system fall into three categories: scaling (ideally, there are a lot of voters to tally), exceptions (for example, one commenter pointed out that some polling places handle multiple precincts, and that different geographic classification systems - for example, counties, cities/townships, and zipcodes - don't always fit together nicely), and security.
The solution to the first is divide and conquer - ignore the everything-in-on-big-central-server crowd and distribute the load. The solution to the second is to ignore the problem. Yes, that's right, ignore it. The exceptions will apply to a small percentage of precincts. Let them figure it out locally. They'll either come up with clever workarounds, or they'll handle it by giving voters absentee ballots in the precinct. Every good system designer knows when it's time to sweep all of the remaining exceptions together and handle them with a couple of comment fields.

Which gets us to security. The solution to this is to stop trying for perfection, and instead be happy with good enough - in this case, the prevention of large-scale fraud. There is no way to prevent fraud at the individual polling place. The old Daley voting machine (of the political, not technical, variety) demonstrated this: Daley had precinct workers accompany voters into the booth to help them make sure they voted for the right candidates.

Set up a system that requires on-site presence for fraud and fraud won't scale enough to be much of a problem. Add a simple audit trail (I'm far from the first to suggest this) and the solution really is good enough.

For all of those who suggested that mark-sense paper ballots will do the trick just fine ... they probably will. They also chop down an awful lot of trees.

- Bob

Posted by Bob Lewis on November 10, 2006 05:09 AM


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Bob,

Good response. But you did hit on the elephant in the room with your comments about security.

Even the simple solution you mentioned last time would probably be hackable somehow.

But you mention that perfection is something you can't shoot for. The problem with that is that in todays superpartisan political climate, its what's being demanded by electronic voting critics. People have written theses on electronic voting vulnerabilities.

Your comments on a paper audit trail are very well founded and go out as an answer to a oft stated criticism of a particular brand of voting machines.

Now why this feature doesn't exist anyone could guess, but let me posit two possible scenarios.

1) A developer at the electronic voting machine company, who lets say for the sake of argument is very keen on environmental issues, decides that a long paper receipt trail is equivalent to your argument about chopping down a lot of trees. So he decides, "no paper trail" and you have the situation we have today. 20-20 hindsight show the error of this thinking, but many of us have seen this kind of issue occur in IT projects, right?

2) A developer at the electronic voting machine company, who lets say for the sake of argument is a rabid partisan for one particular party, decides that he could include code to "fix" certain votes when they come into the system. The problem is that an paper audit trail feature would highlight the fraudulent vote. So the developer decides to eliminate the paper trail feature. I'm not sure how many of your readers would actually have seen this occur in an IT project, but many have probably seen features take on a political nature (like being useless but demanded by the CEO).

Anyway looking at these scenarios, I would like to say that we should "Never attribute to malice what can be explained by stupidity" would definitely apply. Of course this would lead you to choose option 1. But if you are making an emotional political decision, in some cases option 2 becomes some people's overwhelming choice.

So thats where the complexity lies, in the poltics of an IT project, on a national scale this time, instead of just a company wide scale. You've talked about _that_ issue before. Just like a lot of other things, the technical solution is simple, the political issues revolving around getting it done are what's complex.

Oh and as far as that goes, give me a pencil and paper to vote with any day. Whats the cost to the trees compared to the price of liberty? (oh and like you said a couple of times Bob, please no responses to that ;-)

Posted by: Jason at November 10, 2006 06:56 AM

I live in Massachusetts and this is what I did at the polling station on Tuesday morning:

1) I gave my street name, number and last name to the nice elderly volunteer.
2) Got a ballot
3) Walked across the room to a table
4) Filled in the ovals next to my choices
5) Walked back across the room
5) Fed the ballot into an optical card reader
6) Walked out

Elapsed time: 5 minutes. Most of that was waiting to get the ballot since I'd already made up my mind on all of the questions.

It was quick and easy with a nice paper trail.

ATM style voting machines are an expensive and risky solution to a simple problem.

Posted by: Rick at November 10, 2006 09:00 AM

Security is not the problem. Trust is the problem. If you try to solve a problem called security, you'll get a solution satisfactory to IT managers. Voting systems need to be trusted by ordinary folks who (wisely) don't trust machines that have mysterious invisible stuff going on inside them. Whether it's paper ballots or paper trails, paper is the only solution that solves the trust problem.

Posted by: Michael Swaine at November 12, 2006 09:17 AM

I'm like Rick: in Kentucky, I walked up to a table, the volunteer looked me up in the book, I signed the book after showing ID, got a ballot, filled in the circles (from my prepared research sample ballot which I had done over the weekend) and fed the ballot into the optical scanner. Elapsed time 10 minutes because we had like 30 judicial races to fill in the circles for...
No one except me touched the ballot until AFTER it fed through the scanner, and it still existed as a paper trail. Kentucky reported results pretty quickly Tuesday night, including the Yarmuth-Northup race! Which is right in my district. soo.....cheap, easy, auditable...Why add WINDOWS to this mix, for heaven's sake????

Posted by: TechGrrl at November 14, 2006 11:55 AM

Even better, then Rick and TechGrrl...at my polling place, I did not have to show ID. I walked up, told them my last name, they looked me up, said my address, and asked if that's correct. How's that for security? But I'm sure people in my town would yell and scream if we had electronic voting machines.

Posted by: Chris at November 15, 2006 10:50 AM

Our rural polling place had the new-fangled, federally-mandated touch-screen just fixed in the hour before the polls opened voting machine and paper ballots. As I walked into the polling place, one of the volunteers called out my name (we're rural, remember) and verified my registration. As an IT professional, I avoided the line of confused people at the machine, took a paper ballot, filled in the X's and fed the ballot into the wooden ballot box. Elapsed time: Our rural polling place had the new-fangled, federally-mandated touch-screen just fixed in the hour before the polls opened voting machine and paper ballots. As I walked into the polling place, one of the volunteers called out my name (we're rural, remember) and verified my registration. As an IT professional, I avoided the line of confused people at the machine, took a paper ballot, filled in the X's and fed the ballot into the wooden ballot box. Elapsed time:

Posted by: jh at November 15, 2006 09:10 PM

Like Rick and TechGrrl, we filled out mark sense forms in Michigan. Quick, easy, and no question about an audit trail. Like Jason, I think that the cost of trees is warranted by the reliability and auditability of the system.

Posted by: Ed K. at November 16, 2006 05:37 AM

I hadn't read the original rant until after I read this post rant. What I can't believe is the ignorance of the majority of the posters. Almost every complaint they posted against the evoting systems are, and have always been, just as, or even more, problematic with traditional voting systems. If you want a list, just go read the rant, then apply the arguments against evoting to all the traditional methods. For instance, what if the server or disk gets destroyed or lost. Have you not listened to the news where whole boxes of votes got lost or misplaced? What about the readers for the punch cards or the blackened circle readers, you don't think they can get our of calibration? You don't think they can be tampered with? You would rather trust the people at the polls? Okay, how about this, you hand over all your banking transactions to some volunteers who only do the job once or twice a year. Send your votes in by mail. You know that all mail gets delivered to the correct people 100% of the time. Almost every time I go to the mailbox I've got mail addressed to someone else. Does anyone know anyone who's mail has NOT gotten lost? The ironic thing is, there are even more things that could go wrong with traditional voting systems. Unbelievable!

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