- OSGR: Open Source Goat Rodeo
- BitNami makes it easy for mom & semi-geeks to use OSS
- MySQL conference preview
- RIA vendor Curl shifts to Eclipse
- Can OSS infrastructure vendors thrive in a cloud computing future?
- Don't look back
- Is support for OSS optional in your business?
- Nokia N810 Tablet + WiMax
- Vendors need to right-size their products
- Dolphins Invade Sun Campus!
May 11, 2007 | Comments: (0) | TrackBacks: (8)
The Red Hat business model, Part II
I've written once on this topic before, but never with Red Hat's assistance. But yesterday I got to present the Red Hat subscription model with two members of Red Hat's legal team - the lovely Jennifer Venable and the ok-looking Rich Bynum (Just kidding, Rich! :-) - at Red Hat Summit. And all throughout the Summit I had open source entrepreneurs asking me for clarification on just how the model works.
Since I have a personal interest in seeing more companies move to a pureplay open source model, I'll try to dig a little deeper into the nuances of Red Hat's model. Listening to Jennifer and Rich speak, little subtleties became more apparent to me. I'll try to explicate them here.
First off, it's critical to remember that Red Hat's model works because it innovates. The model requires constant innovation. This is not good if you're trying to milk a product for monopoly rents ("Monopoly" here referring to the limited monopolies afforded through copyrights and patents).
Rich walked through the timeline between Red Hat 2.0 and 5.0, comparing it to Windows's comparable innovation over a much longer period. It is shocking how quickly Linux caught up with Windows and now, in some areas, surpasses it. That is partly due to the beauty of open source software development processes, but it's also partly due to the business models driving innovation in the respective products.
And I think it's frankly easier to catch up than it is to do de novo innovation (but the same holds true for Microsoft which played catch up to UNIX for years, and still is in some respects). The real test will be for innovation on a 'going forward' basis.
Microsoft gets paid to rest on its laurels. Red Hat (and the wider Linux world) gets paid to constantly innovate new laurels. Yes, competition from other proprietary software companies can help to nudge copyright/patent holders off their laurels, but not as forcibly. When was the last time that Microsoft Office innovated in dramatic ways? Or Microsoft Exchange/Outlook (or any email, for that matter)? That's competition through IP at its best. Innovate and hold until forced to move. The Red Hat model doesn't allow for such sloth.
For Microsoft and proprietary vendors, the software is the product. For Red Hat and open source vendors, the company behind the software is the product. Red Hat's model encourages customers to innovate (move to newer versions) along with it. There is no charge for upgrades on a given release. You don't subscribe to RHEL 4.0 - you subscribe to RHEL (and the move to 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, etc. is free).
In Red Hat's world, much of its innovation (and that created by the wider Linux kernel community) happens first in Fedora, its laboratory. Unlike many commercial open source vendors, Red Hat's intent behind Fedora is actually to push the envelope on innovation, not lag it. The better Fedora is, the more interesting Red Hat Enteprise Linux becomes because RHEL, not Fedora, looks a lot more like the enterprises it serves. More stable and robust. Moves more slowly (but surely). Less risky. Etc.
If you're an enterprise, doesn't this value proposition sound more appealing than proprietary software's value proposition? Big Fees (Upfront license fee + ongoing maintenance and upgrade fees), Lock-in, and Disincentives to innovation.
The other key to understanding Red Hat's model is that open source does not require a vendor to distribute its code. Just because RHEL is licensed under the GPL does not mean that Red Hat has to give it to you. If it distributes the software, then yes. But distribution of RHEL is predicated on acceptance of the RHEL license agreement, which requires the buyer to pay for value. You may be able to get the RHEL bits through a third-party, but the bits are just a fraction of the total value proposition that Red Hat provides under this model. You simply cannot get RHEL from Red Hat without purchasing the appropriate units of support.
This "unit of support" is the third critical key, but it doesn't have to be per-server/CPU, the way Red Hat does it, as Rich pointed out. JBoss actually prices support according to CPU Bands (up to 32 CPUs is $x.xx, 33-64 is $x.xx, etc.). For Zimbra, it could be the number of users accessing their email through the Zimbra server.
What Red Hat guards against (and which I can confirm from my own experience) is the customer who says, "We will centralize all support in one person so your support burden is lighter, therefore we'll pay less." Or, "All 1,000 servers will be doing the exact same thing - they're just clustered instances of the application, so the support burden will not truly be comparable to someone else's 1,000 servers."
My answer? Don't get greedy. Red Hat's? Customers should expect to pay for value, and units of service is a good way to measure customer value. (Seriously, if you're an enterprise and paying 1/10th the cost for Pentaho than you do for Cognos, can you really complain with a straight face about how the fee is measured?)
In closing, I'd like to remind my open source compatriots that their primary function is to disrupt. No one wins against a major incumbent by looking/pricing/acting like the incumbent. The road to the customer is through disruption: disruption of the way customers first access the software, disruption in what they actually buy from you, disruption in the innovation a different business model encourages. Proprietary software may encourage innovation, but it does not encourage continuous innovation. Red Hat's model does.
If you're worried that the model doesn't work for applications, databases, etc., let me give you a little data on the results of Alfresco's change to a 100% open source model. We were doing very well in the market before the change, but the move to the GPL has only improved things:
- Downloads up 100%
- Registered developers up 100%
- Leads up 200%
- Sales up 150% and on track to exceed 2006 bookings by 400%
- Average deal size up 125% (and rising)
- Margins up, too
Nothing. Neither will you.
Posted by Matt Asay on May 11, 2007 10:35 AM
RATE THIS ARTICLE:
-

- COMMENTS
Another note: One thing that you left out, and impressed me during my time at Red Hat, was management's focus on the customer. I can't remember the last time, if ever, I heard that throughout my career in IT.
Its a simple idea, often heard in the retail industry ("The Customer is King"), but to hear it coming from Matthew Szulik himself, proved to me that Red Hat "got it", and it stands as a definite differentiator and innovative angle to their business model.
Its debatable whether Microsoft and other proprietary vendors listen to their customers... they don't have to as they rely on lock-in. Open Source companies pitching products on open standard, simply do not have the luxury.
Posted by: Roy Russo at May 11, 2007 12:29 PMI assume you are going to give equal coverage to the SUSE Linux Enterprise business model, too?
There is tons of innovation driven through the openSUSE project (ranked higher on DistroWatch than Fedora). Novell packages the innovation from openSUSE, tests it, enhances it for scalability, performance, scalability and security, and then ships SUSE Linux Enterprise -- in a release cycle roughly six-nine months before Red Hat. SUSE competes on the quality of our code, and the power of support & service to the customer, because you can't lock someone in when they can renew their subscription once a year. SUSE doesn't charge for upgrade -- you subscribe to SUSE Linux Enterprise. We pioneered a new business model last year, when we decided not to charge for virtual servers on Linux -- a move that Red Hat followed in March when they shipped RHEL5.
I'm not criticizing your post or Red Hat. I'm just saying that there is more than one Linux distribution out there, driving innovation and competing on the value of support and service.
Posted by: Justin Steinman at May 11, 2007 12:32 PMNo, I'm not. Because it is the model that Red Hat pioneered and continues to follow across all of its products, not just those that the GPL imposes on it. Novell continues to treat open source like a convenient marketing gimmick. You won't see me giving it props for that.
Posted by: Matt Asay at May 11, 2007 12:39 PMJustin-
I would strongly argue that "free" is a pioneering business model for virtual servers. It is a desperate and dumb move in a growing virtual server market. Also, Red Hat did not entirely follow your move - RHEL customers must but RHEL 5 Advanced starting at $1,499 to get unlimted virtual instances vs. $349 for SLES. I would hardly say that is following. Red Hat is competing on brand and open source value, Novell is losing and trying to compete on price and FUD. Not a good value proposition.
Although I know it pains you, Novell is a mixed source comapny. Part of our product line is open source and part is proprietary. We've been extremely upfront about that. We do not treat open source as a convenient marketing gimmick. Our 300+ open source engineers might resent that comment, as would the 40,000 members of openSUSE. We think there is value in offering open source solutions where it makes sense for customers and closed source solutions where it makes sense for customers. Novell's value prop is that we help customers integrate open source and closed source applications into their IT environment.
Posted by: Justin Steinman at May 11, 2007 02:34 PMJustin:
You need to know when to quit. You may forget that I still have lots of contacts within Novell. I know the typical sales pitch to the CIO. In fact, at a lunch a few months ago, I sat one table away from a Novell salesperson who was pitching the whole shebang: SUSE (5 minutes), Identity Management/GroupWise/ZEN/etc. for 30, and the Microsoft patent FUD for the remaining 25.
Perhaps he was atypical? I hope so.
But let's be clear: there is precisely one reason that Novell is a mixed source company: it doesn't know how to move forward and hence sacrifice all that legacy maintenance revenue. I was there well before you arrived, Justin. I was there when Ledbetter, Stone, etc. were trying to figure out how to move forward without giving up all that legacy cash. Novell is still trying to figure that out, and your 300+ open source engineers aren't well served by the fence-sitting. Just ask them.
Posted by: Matt Asay at May 11, 2007 02:49 PMJustin-
I just have one more comment/question, as you requested coverage on your business model.
- How much growth has the SUSE Linux business seen under Novell since acquisition? My understanding was that SUSE was a 35-40 million dollar company (in annual revenue) when acquired. What was last year's recognized revenue 50+ million?
You want kudos for your business model and acumen for stifling a business in a market that is growing greater than 30% annually?
Red Hat is a 500 million dollar open source business, Novell will not even approach 80 million dollars in open source revenue this year, even with the MSFT payment.
And one more thing - having MSFT give away for free your coupons is real bad. Everyone knows MSFT is not charging customers for these certificates so please stop releasing these fluffy customer adoption press releases. Customers will not adopt free certificates in mass form (albeit they may register) and I am sure the free SUSE certificates are flushing your Linux pipeline dry..
and u want kudos on your business model - is that a joke?
Posted by: Fred Goodwin at May 11, 2007 09:37 PM"There is tons of innovation driven through the openSUSE project (ranked higher on DistroWatch than Fedora)"
This is the number of people who visit the distribution pages in distrowatch. Are you delusional or do you really believe this means ANYTHING at all?
Posted by: jef at May 11, 2007 10:47 PM> Microsoft gets paid to rest on its
> laurels. Red Hat (and the wider
> Linux world) gets paid to constantly
> innovate new laurels.
To be fair, Red Hat works in tandem with other parties (volunteers included) on this. But then again, that's the beauty of open collaboration.
Posted by: Roy Schestowitz at May 12, 2007 05:52 AMI read this blog on an almost daily basis. Matt, I can't help but notice how gullible you sound and your ever present witchhunt (yes, that is how it comes across to the readers just so you know) gets old.
You sound like Nicholas Petreley over at Linux Journal. Your blog is like having that one person in the office that always finds something to complain about. After a while, everyone discredits what they have to say.
Do you remember when all the linux geeks had tagged Red Hat as the evil commercial linux co? I do.
Posted by: Bystander at May 13, 2007 09:41 AMBystander:
Well, at least you read it, even if you don't like it. But that seems like a slight touch of masochism. If it "gets old" and if it's "gullible," then why read it?
More pertinently, what, precisely, do you find negative? I'm not complaining in the post; on the contrary, I'm celebrating a model that I believe will help many projects (MySQL, JBoss, Alfresco, etc.) become billion-dollar companies. There's nothing negative about that - it's very, very positive.
I suspect that the only way you'd find the post negative is if you work for Novell and somehow feel (like Justin) that I don't give you your due by calling it the Novell model. But let's be candid - it's not Novell's model and never was. Red Hat originated the model. I was there at Novell when we were trying to grok it and (gasp!) emulate it (for SUSE, anyway).
This doesn't have to be a Novell vs. Red Hat thing, though. The model is even more open than the most open of open source. You can use it. I can use it (in fact, I am). And we can help customers and thwart competitors with it.
What's not to like in that?
Anyway, I hope you either a) start to enjoy the blog or b) stop reading it (for your sake, not mine - I love having you with us, whoever you are).
Matt
Posted by: Matt Asay at May 13, 2007 01:33 PMThe Bystander above hit it right on the mark. Your blog has entered the realm of a personal vendetta and it's as stale and contrived as it appears. Summary- Rah Rah red hat, Boo Boo novell.
Anyway, I hope you either a) start to enjoy your blog or b) start reading it to actually see the cheerleader and Boo bird you have become.
Posted by: DCPerspective at May 14, 2007 06:39 AMSometimes, folks, somebody needs to say the truth. I,for one, usually agree with Matt. His thinking aligns with the concept of Free software, not 'mixed source', stemming from proprietary roots.
Posted by: Roy Schestowitz at May 15, 2007 01:05 AMRedhat sure has a strange business model - Now days you can't even get security patches without paying for each server. Not sure which customers get the support you are talking about..certainly not the academic based ones.
Posted by: Fletch at November 2, 2007 01:02 PM
- Get Started
- Port 25 Blogs
- OSS News
- Join a Project
{Open Source} Heroes Happen Here
Start today and order your own Hero Hack Pack – which includes Getting Started with Open Source, Windows Server 2008 and Visual Studio 2008 Trial. Each pack is a chance to win a free pass to OSCON 2008.
TOP STORIES
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

- Remote Access: Maintain Security and Decrease the Burden on IT
- Beyond AntiVirus: Symantec Endpoint Protection
- What Every Enterprise Needs to Know About VDI

- Solution for Open Virtualization Provides Server Consolidation
- Help Simplify Virtualization
- A Guide to Rich Internet Application (RIA) Security








